Discovery of Novel Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Outstanding Insecticidal Properties 
Biotechnological Exploration of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria for the development of Next-Generation BioinsecticidesBiotechnological Potential of Biocidal Secondary Metabolites from Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus

Agricultural systems are increasingly threatened worldwide by insect pests that are not only hard to control but also capable of developing resistance to conventional chemical pesticides. At the same time, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens presents a growing concern for both plant and animal health. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative, sustainable alternatives that go beyond traditional crop protection strategies.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), especially those belonging to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, represent a promising biological tool in this context. These microscopic organisms act in partnership with symbiotic bacteria, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, which contribute significantly to the nematodes’ insect-killing capabilities. Upon infection of an insect host, these bacteria release a complex arsenal of bioactive compounds that rapidly overcome the host’s defenses.

What makes this symbiosis particularly compelling is the remarkable diversity of secondary metabolites produced by these bacteria. Many of these molecules exhibit potent insecticidal, antifungal, and even antibacterial activities, with some of them showing efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains. This positions EPN-bacteria complexes not only as biological control agents for persistent pest species but also as valuable sources of novel bioactive compounds with potential for and beyond agriculture.

By tapping into the metabolic potential of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, researchers are paving the way for next-generation bioinsecticides and biotechnological applications that align with the principles of sustainability and resistance management.

The research group addresses these challenges through three complementary research lines:

1. Discovery of Novel Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Outstanding Insecticidal Properties

Identifying new strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) adapted to specific ecological niches is crucial for expanding the biological control toolbox. Many native EPN species remain undiscovered, particularly in underexplored habitats with high insect diversity, such as forest soils, grasslands, and agroecological interfaces. Our research focuses on the isolation and characterization of novel Steinernema and Heterorhabditis strains with enhanced infectivity, environmental tolerance, and persistence in soil. Using targeted baiting techniques, molecular tools, and bioassays, we evaluate their virulence profiles against key agricultural pests, including species known to be resistant to chemical insecticides.

These new isolates may possess unique traits—such as improved host-seeking behavior or adaptation to challenging abiotic conditions—that make them valuable candidates for integration into sustainable pest management programs.

Additionally, their association with diverse strains of symbiotic bacteria opens the door to new bioactive compounds with potential applications in pest and disease control.